Mathematical Modeling of the Early Stage of Clogging of the SEN During Continuous Casting of Ti-ULC Steel

Abstract The clogging of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) during continuous casting steel can be divided into two stages: “early stage,” when initial layer clog covers SEN refractory surface owing to chemical reactions, and “late continues grow because deposition non-metallic inclusions (NMIs). In this paper, a mathematical formulation is proposed for build-up oxide. reaction mechanism based on work Lee Kang (Lee et al. in ISIJ Int 58:1257–1266, 2018): among constituents produces CO gas, which re-oxidize melt consequently form an oxide surface. was further incorporated as sub-model transient model, previously developed by current authors track late stage clogging. thermodynamics kinetics production, depending local pressure temperature, must considered early-stage Test simulations section actual industrial were conducted, it verified that phenomenon related refractory, with melt, temperature pressure, transport NMIs turbulent flow SEN. model qualitatively validated through laboratory experiments. uncertainty some parameters govern permeability discussed.